![]() Base excess or BE value is routinely checked with HCO 3 value. Alternatively, when there is an increase in bicarbonates present, then metabolic alkalosis results. A deficit of bicarbonate and other bases indicates metabolic acidosis. HCO 3 or bicarbonate ion is an alkaline substance that comprises over half of the total buffer base in the blood. It can be measured indirectly by calculating the PAO2 and pH Or measured directly by co-oximetry. Oxygen saturation, the normal range is 94–100% HCO 3 (Bicarbonate) SO 2 or oxygen saturation, measured in percentage, is the amount of oxygen in the blood that combines with hemoglobin. The pH plays a role in the combining power of oxygen with hemoglobin: a low pH means there is less oxygen in the hemoglobin. For PaO 2, the normal range is 75 to 100 mmHg SO2 (Oxygen Saturation) PaO 2 or partial pressure of oxygen or PAO2 indicates the amount of oxygen available to bind with hemoglobin. On the other hand, when there is alveolar hyperventilation (e.g., hyperventilation), the PaCO 2 is decreased causing respiratory alkalosis. For PaCO 2, the normal range is 35 to 45 mmHg (respiratory determinant). When there is hypoventilation in the alveolar level (for example, in COPD), the PaCO 2 is elevated, and respiratory acidosis results. Carbon dioxide (CO2) cannot escape when there is damage in the alveoli, excess CO2 combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) causing an acidotic state. PaCO 2 or partial pressure of carbon dioxide shows the adequacy of the gas exchange between the alveoli and the external environment (alveolar ventilation). PaCO 2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide) The normal ABG level for pH is 7.35 to 7.45. A pH of 7.35 indicates acidosis and a pH greater than 7.45 indicates alkalosis. The pH is the concentration of hydrogen ions and determines the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids. There are six components of arterial blood gas (ABGs): pH What are the components of arterial blood gas? Unlike other blood samples obtained through a vein, a blood sample from an arterial blood gas (ABG) is taken from an artery (commonly on radial or brachial artery). It is used to determine the extent of the compensation by the buffer system and includes the measurements of the acidity (pH), levels of oxygen, and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Solve for goal #2: METABOLIC or RESPIRATORY.Ĭollection of arterial blood for arterial blood gas (ABG) test.Īn arterial blood gas is a laboratory test to monitor the patient’s acid-base balance. Solve for goal #1: ACIDOSIS or ALKALOSIS. Determine if HCO3 is under NORMAL, ACIDOSIS, or ALKALOSIS. Determine if PaCO2 is under NORMAL, ACIDOSIS, or ALKALOSIS. Determine if pH is under NORMAL, ACIDOSIS, or ALKALOSIS. ![]() ![]() Steps in ABG analysis using the tic-tac-toe method.Interpreting Arterial Blood Gas Imbalances.PaCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide).What are the components of arterial blood gas?.
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